The evolution of direct transcranial photobiomodulation: a history of dose, depth, and delivery

Frontiers in Psychiatry | New and Recent Articles ·
Mind & Mental Health Switzerland

Direct transcranial photobiomodulation (dtPBM) delivers red or near-infrared light through the scalp and skull with the aim of affecting brain tissue. The field has produced encouraging findings but inconsistent clinical results. We reconstruct its development as a history of scientific and engineering decisions in which optical access, target depth, and dose repeatedly shaped what could be…

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