The terms sociopath and psychopath are often used interchangeably, but psychologists highlight key differences. Psychopaths feel little empathy or guilt and can be superficially charming, while sociopaths may understand right from wrong but struggle with impulse control and authority. Both fall under the umbrella of dissocial personality disorder, with sociopathy not being a standalone WHO diagnosis.
Brain imaging studies reveal sociopaths have less activity in brain circuits for fear and empathy, leading to reward-focused, planned behavior. This can result in obsessive actions, aggression when thwarted, and a hunger for control that trumps meaningful connection. Their ability to mirror others makes them appear social, but they form only shallow, self-serving attachments and find genuine apology difficult.
Experts advise setting firm, non-negotiable boundaries with individuals who consistently overlook others’ feelings, use people for gain, or show no remorse. While their capacity for attachment is damaged, not absent, change is possible if they are willing to engage in self-reflection and recognize their traits.
